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www.pagadian.org

Pagadian City (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Pagadian; Filipino: Lungsod ng Pagadian) is located in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. It houses the regional government seat of Zamboanga Peninsula (Region 9) in the island of Mindanao.

An iconic symbol of Pagadian is its uniquely designed tricycle built to adopt to the city’s hilly terrain. The locals claim with pride that it is the only place in the Philippines that one can see a public transport inclined at about 25-40 angle.

Contents

1 Geography and Topography

2 Climate

3 History

4 Timeline

5 Languages and Dialects

6 Festivals

7 Governance

8 Economy

9 Tourist attractions

10 Education

11 Infrastructure

12 Fast Facts

13 Notes

14 References

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Geography and Topography

Pagadian City view from Rotonda

Situated on the northeastern side of the Western Mindanao region, Pagadian is the capital city of Zamboanga del Sur province. It is bounded by the municipalities of Tigbao and Dumalinao on the southwest, Lakewood on the west, Labangan on the east and northwest, and Midsalip on the north.

About 45% of the total city area is steeply sloping terrain of hills and mountains on the northwestern portion that covers an estimated 15,090 hectares. Mt. Palpalan, Mt. Begong, Mt. Pinokis, and Mt. Sugar Loaf are the four tallest peaks. Areas in the direct north as well as the central part, have gentle to moderate slopes, making up 47% of the total. The remaining 8% is level or nearly level, and makes up most of the eastern and the southern parts of the city. The urban area covers about 845.48 hectares. Elevation of the urban area of the city ranges from 1 MSL (mean sea level) near Pagadian Bay to about 100 MSL in the area of Barangay San Jose.

The Tiguma, Bulatoc, Gatas, and Balangasan Rivers, drain to Pagadian Bay and serve as natural drainage.

Due to its topography and elevation, most of the city’s 54 barangays do not experience flooding. The low-lying southern and eastern part of the city, though, do sometimes experience flooding, most especially during heavy rains.

Climate

It is located within the tropics of the northern hemisphere which has pronounced dry season from January to March and rainy season from April to December. The region is generally not affected by tropical storms and typhoons as it is located outside the Philippine Typhoon Belt. Temperatures range from 22.2 C (72.0 F) to 32.9 C (91.2 F). The prevailing winds are the southwest wind that blow shot gust wind from over the sea during dry seasons going northeast, and the trade winds brought about by the mountain range. Rainfall distribution is moderate from 2,500 mm to 3,000 mm annually.

History

Origin of the Name

The city proper and surrounding areas of Muricay, Tawagan Sur and White Beach was originally named “Talpokan,” an indigenous word that means “a place of numerous springs”.

During the early part of the 20th century, the place was called “Pangad-ye-an”, a Visayan word that means,”a place to be prayed for” because of a Malaria epidemic that nearly wiped out the early christian population, majority of which came from the Visayas. An alternative theory suggests that it was named after a bird that the native inhabitants call “Gagadian”. However, the officially accepted version on how it came to be called “Pagadian” is derived from the Iranun language “pagad” (wait) and “padian” (market). The area had been a trading post and market during the Maguindanao Sultanate period.

Early Settlers

The first inhabitants were the Subanens, a tribe native to the Western Mindanao Region. Then the Muslim settlers arrived sometime in the 15th century, established a flourishing community and introduced the Islam faith.

In the early part of the 20th century, the Muslim inhabitants were under the leadership of Datu Akob, an Iranun Datu whose daughter caught the fancy of Datu Macaumbang, also an Iranun (Sultan of Taga Nonok) from the Municipalities of Malabang and Tukuran. With the approval of Datu Akob, Datu Macaumbang married the beautiful Bai Putri Panyawan Akob. At the same time the 1st cousin of Datu Macaumbang (Sultan of taga Nonok), Datu Mama Lapat Jamerol an Maranao – Iranun Datu, married the second daughter of Datu Akob, Bai Putri Concona Akob. Upon the death of Datu Akob, his son-in-law, Datu Macaumbang assumed leadership and established the territorial boundaries of the present city proper, from Balangasan River in the West, to Tawagan Sur River in the East. Because of the prevalent banditry and piracy in his settlements at that time, Datu Macaumbang requested the assistance of the Philippine Constabulary. A detachment led by Col. Tiburcio Ballesteros from Malangas stationed themselves at Dumagoc Island. The arrival of the soldiers restored peace and order thereby attracting the influx of settlers from far-flung regions of the Visayas and Luzon, and from the neighboring places in Mindanao.

Spread of Christianity

See also: Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian

Sto.Nio del Cebu

Christian settlers started arriving in the early part of the 20th century, most of which came from Cebu, as evident on the veneration of the Santo Nio de Ceb. The increasing Christian population prompted the creation of the Parish of Pagadian in 1938 and was administered jointly by the Jesuits, Columban and Filipino priests. The original Sto. Nio Church of Pagadian was right across the city plaza, built on the site where the San Jose Parish church now stands; Fr. Sean Nolan,SSC served as the first parish priest. The present Sto. Nio Cathedral is now located in Santiago District and was built in 1968.

Pagadian Parish became a diocese on November 2, 1971 and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ozamiz. Msgr. Jesus B. Tuquib served as the first bishop and was installed on February 24, 1973. At that time, the Columban Fathers took care of the apostolic services for the first 13 parishes in the newly-formed diocese. They also took after the missions of the Jesuits.

Currently, the Diocese of Pagadian has 24 parishes and covers a population of 711,244. The diocese covers the city and 21 other municipalities in the northern and eastern parts of Zamboanga del Sur.

The city celebrates its Annual Fiesta every 3rd Sunday of January in honor of its patron saint, the Holy Child Jesus (Sto. Nio) which also coincides with the feastday of Cebu City.

Timeline

Date/Year

Significant Events

1800′s

The present-day Pagadian had its beginnings as a sitio of Margosatubig.

July 1927

It became a barrio under the Municipal District of Labangan, Zamboanga upon the implementation of Executive Order no.70.

1934

Director Teofisto Guingona, Sr. was commissioned by Philippine Governor-General Leonard Wood to find out the possibility of transferring the seat of government of the Labangan municipality to another place; a conference was called together with the Datus and the early christian settlers. The idea of transferring the seat of the Labangan Government to Pagadian was at first largely opposed by the Christians. Eventually, a consensus was reached when the designated committee led by Datu Balimbingan of Labangan and with the consent of Datu Macaumbang surveyed the western part of the present area and found Talpokan, a part of the barrio of Pagadian, deemed as a suitable place for such transfer. At the same time, Datu Macaumbang donated 260 hectares of land to Christians who were willing to transfer to the area.

March 23, 1937

Pagadian became a municipality through Executive Order 77. Its ascendancy was due to the eager initiative of then Assemblyman Juan S. Alano. The Hon. Jose Sanson was appointed as the acting mayor. After his brief tenure, a regular election was held with the Hon. Federico Jamisola as the first officially elected municipal mayor. The Municipality of Pagadian was formed by merging the municipal districts of Labangan and Dinas, as a result, making Labangan a barangay under its former barrio. The newly created town had 19 barangays.

June 6, 1952

Congressman Roseller T. Lim authored R.A. 711 dividing Zamboanga into two provinces – Norte (north) and Sur (south).

September 17, 1952

Pagadian became the capital town of the newly-established province of Zamboanga del Sur.

June 21, 1969

It became a chartered city through R.A. 5478, becoming the third city in the Zamboanga Peninsula (Administrative Region).

August 16, 1976

The city was one of the hardest hit areas in the Moro Gulf earthquake and tsunami of 1976, considered as the most devastating tsunami disaster in the Philippines in recent times. Pagadian was the major city in the area that was struck by both the earthquake and tsunami and sustained the greatest number of casualties.

November 12, 2004

Despite Zamboanga City government’s opposition to the transfer, Pagadian became the Regional Center for Region IX- Zamboanga Peninsula. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s decision to transfer the regional offices was based on Executive Order 429 issued by then President Corazon Aquino in October 1990.

Languages and Dialects

Majority of Pagadianons speak the Cebuano language (part of the Bisaya family of languages). The national language, Filipino (Tagalog) is widely understood and is the native tongue of a small percentage of the population. Iranun, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tausug, and Samal dialects are used by the Muslim community, however, the dialect of the indigenous Subanen people is in danger of being lost[citation needed] as younger generations prefer to use Cebuano instead. Remaining percentage of the population are classified as Ilonggo, Chavacano and Ilocano speakers. As in the case with the rest of the Philippines, English is understood by virtually everyone and is used as the primary language for business and official purposes.

Festivals

The city celebrates its fiesta every January, showcasing the Pasalamat Festival, fluvial parade (regatta), trade exhibits, the Mutya ng Pagadian beauty pageant, carnival shows as well as a civic military parade. On every 21st of June, Pagadianons celebrate the Araw ng Pagadian in commemoration of its founding as a chartered city; and as Capital of Zamboanga del Sur, the city hosts the annual provincial celebration in September with agro-trade exhibits, a civic-military parade, cultural presentations and sports competitions.

The Megayon Festival is a week-long celebration that coincides with the Zamboanga del Sur anniversary in September. It honors the tri-people settlers: the Subanens, BangsaMoro Muslims and Christians. It was officially established in August 3, 2006 as the celebration of the founding of the province through Provincial Ordinance No. 016-2006. A showcase of three distinctly different cultural heritage in songs, dances, rituals of peace, foods and crafts, its main goal is to foster unity and understanding among the three cultures. Organized environment-related activities, peace and development forum, and indigenous sports competitions are also being held.

In the Subanen tongue, “megayon” means unity and solidarity.

Pagadian City also officially celebrates the Chinese New Year. This was initiated by the current Mayor Samuel S. Co who assumed office in 2004. It honors the local Chinese community which had contributed significantly to the local economy.

Governance

Urban Map of Pagadian

Pagadian City belongs to the 1st District of Zamboanga del Sur. The local Sangguniang Panglungsod (City Legislative Council) is administered by the Mayor, with the assistance of the Vice-Mayor. It has ten elected councilors and one representative each from the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) and Association of Barangay Captains (ABC).

It is politically subdivided into 54 barangays of which 13 of these are classified as urban.

Alegria

Balangasan (urban)

Balintawak

Baloyboan

Banale

Bogo

Bomba

Buenavista

Bulatok

Bulawan

Camalig

Dampalan

Danlugan

Dao

Datagan

Deborok

Ditoray

Dumagoc (urban)

Gatas (urban)

Gubac

Gubang

Kagawasan

Kahayagan

Kalasan

Kawit (urban)

La Suerte

Lala

Lapidian

Lenienza

Lison Valley

Lourdes

Lower Sibatang

Lumad

Lumbia (urban)

Macasing

Manga

Muricay

Napolan

Palpalan

Pedulonan

Poloyagan

San Francisco (urban)

San Jose (urban)

San Pedro (urban)

Santa Lucia (urban)

Santa Maria (urban)

Santiago (urban)

Santo Nio (urban)

Tawagan Sur

Tiguma (urban)

Tuburan (urban)

Tulangan

Tulawas

Upper Sibatang

White Beach

Economy

Industry

Agriculture is the primary economic resource, with the production of rice, corn, coconut, fruit and root crops. There are special programs like the Plant-now-Pay Later and Grains Production Enhancement Program that are made available for the local farmers; the City Livelihood Development Assistance Program (CILDAP) also extends loans to those who need financial assistance for their livelihood. Production of livestock such as hogs, goats, cows and poultry is also a growing local industry.

Boats along the Pagadian fishport.

Pagadian Bay and the outer Illana Bay (Iranun Bay) abounds with a wide variety of fish species and crustaceans; seaweed culture farming is flourishing in waters off the bay while fishponds near or along the bay yields milkfish, prawns and crabs. A number of large deep-sea fishing vessels that venture into the Sulu Sea and farther off to South China Sea make Pagadian fishport their base of operation.

Another income-generating industry is mining. The mining area located 1.5 km southeast of Barangay Lison Valley proper approximately forty-nine kilometers from the city proper yields gold, copper and molybdenum.

Production of raw materials like seaweeds, coco processing, cassava constitute a large part of the local economy; small-scale manufacturing of furniture and decors made out of wood, bamboo, rattan, steel and plastic; handicrafts made out of bamboo, rattan, coco shell, wood, marine shell, ceramics, and weaving.

Banking

To date, there are eight (8) privately-owned, two (2) government-owned, five (6) rural banks, two(2) local thrift banks and one (1) cooperative bank in the city. The Philippines biggest banks- Metrobank, Banco de Oro and Philippine National Bank also serve the city.

1st Valley Bank

Allied Bank

Banco de Oro

Bank of the Philippine Islands

Chinabank

CocoBank

Cooperative Bank of Zamboanga del Sur

Development Bank of the Philippines

Katipunan Bank

Landbank

Veterans Bank (SOON)

Metrobank

One Network Bank

Peninsula Bank

Philippine National Bank

PSBank

Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation

Rural Bank of Pagadian

Rural Bank of Tangub

Union Bank of the Philippines

United Coconut Planters Bank

Green Bank (Philippines)

Hotels and Pension Houses

The move of the Regional Center from Zamboanga City prompted a need for more hotels and pension houses in the city.

Name

Address

Pagadian Bay Plaza Hotel

Datoc Street cor. Cabrera St., Pagadian City

Hotel Guillermo

J.Rizal Avenue, Pagadian City

Hotel Camila

J.Ariosa St., Pagadian City

Alindahaw Hotel

J.Rizal Avenue, Pagadian City

New Roxan Hotel

F.S. Pajares Avenue, Pagadian City

Springland Hotel and Resort

Tuburan Dist., Pagadian City

Princess Hotel

San. Pedro Dist., Pagadian City

The Peninsula Hotel

Santiago Dist., Pagadian City

The Zamboanga Hotel

Santiago Dist., Pagadian City

Pilgrims Hotel

Tuburan Dist., Pagadian City

Anastasia Pension House

Dao Road, Pagadian City

Pensione de Yllana

Rizal Avenue, Pagadian City

Shopping Establishments

Pagadian City, as a regional capital, overtook Zamboanga City in terms of the numbers and sizes of shopping malls. Gaisano Capital Pagadian is the biggest mall in the city, recently opened in December 12, 2008. It is owned by the Gaisano Group of Companies. In terms of size, it is followed by Peoples Plaza, a big department store owned by a local chinese businessman. The Best Emporium Mall is owned by a chinese family based in Zamboanga City.

Homegrown mid-size stores such as D’bean Hypermart, Unit City Central Pagadian, and Cariaga Hypermart are flourishing. These stores are the legacy of the local businessmen who had managed to build this city from its beginnings as a trading settlement to what it is now. C3 (City Commercial Center) which is currently under construction, is the site of the historic Shopping Center, where the old market, transportation terminal were once located.

One of the most conspicuous feature of the city is the Filipino-owned, fastfood chain Jollibee, which is located in Pajares Avenue. Popular foodchains like Chowking, Dunkin Donuts, Mister Donut, Greenwich, Mang Inasal, McDonald’s, Chicken Ati-Atihan, and Sunburst Fried Chicken also have outlets in the city; most, if not all of them are franchised. Fine dining is available in Cafe Ilang-Ilang, Alindahaw Cafe and Guiller Cafe-Restaurant. Greenhouse Fishing Station and Restaurant offers fresh seafood straight from its own fishponds that surrounds the place.

Name

Address

Peoples Plaza Mall

F.S Fajares Ave., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

Peoples Plaza Supermarket

F.S Fajares Ave., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

Best Emporium Megamall

Datoc Street., Corner Rizal Ave., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

Best Emporium SuperStore

F.S Fajares Ave., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

Gaisano Capital Pagadian

Rizal Ave., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

D’Beam Hypermart

San Pedro, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

C3 Mall

Old Shopping Square., Pagadian City,

Uni City Central Pagadian

Old Shopping Square., Pagadian City,

NCCC Mall of Pagadian (Proposed)

Hotel Grande, Pagadian City,

UPTOWN Plaza Mall (Proposed)

F.S. Pajares Ave, San Jose, Pagadian City,

Tourist attractions

Pagadian City has a number of tourist attractions, though most of them are not as well-known throughout the Philippines.

Pagadian Bay. Dao-dao Dako on center; Dao-dao Gamay on right foreground.

Pagadian Rotonda – located on the upper reaches of Pagadian City overlooking Pagadian Bay, it is a circular park that intersects North Diversion Road. It is connected to Pajares Avenue, one of two major road networks in the city (the other being Rizal Avenue). A part of the Rotonda is landscaped. There is horseback-riding and a refreshment store.

Dao Dao Islands – are two islands, Dako (big) and Gamay (small). The big island covers 1.10 hectares and is a 7-10 minute ride by motorboat from the seaport. It has artificial coral reefs; ideal for swimming, boating and fishing. Dao Dao Gamay is a sandbar and is partially submerged during high tide.

Springland Resort – sourced from natural springs in the district of Tuburan. It has swimming pools and a fishpond. The resort also has a multifunction hall and a restaurant designed in the Philippine Native Style.

White Beach – a stretch of white sand beach just five minutes via motorboat southeast of the city seaport. Clear, deep, blue waters (even at low tide). Ideal for swimming and diving.

Lourdes Hot and Cold Spring – natural hot springs in barangay Lourdes, about 32 km. northwest from the urban area. This is tapped by the Pagadian City Water District as a piped water source for barangay Kagawasan.

Lourdes Waterfalls – Also located at barangay Lourdes, about 32 kms. from Pagadian proper. Ideal for bathing.

Lison Valley Waterfalls – located about 42 km. northwest of Pagadian proper, the falls has a height of about 20-25 meters. Its spherical-shaped basin, 20 meters in diameter, is ideal for picnic. Located in sitio Santa Lucia, about 18 km. from Lison Valley proper and is surrounded by verdant greenery, giant ferns, orchids and mass-covered rocks, limes and marble stones; it overlooks ricefields and chocolate look alike hills and water discharge of the fails is 5 cu. m. per seconds.

Manga Falls and Twin Caves – located in barangay Manga, just 7 km. from the city proper. This is a two-layered cascading fall, surrounded by huge trees that are home to white monkeys. The twin caves can be explored along the two-layered waterfalls. Currently in the process of being developed as a tourist spot.

Mt. Palpalan – is the promontory within the Pagadian City limits on whose apex the transmitters of major commercial communication systems are built on. With a height of 684 ft above sea level, it has a sweeping vista of Pagadian City and Illana Bay.

Mt. Susong Dalaga – which means aiden Breast. Located in barangay Lourdes, 32 km. from Pagadian proper and 10 km. from the barangay center, Susong Dalaga is a semi-perfect cone with good forest cover. It can be reached by horseback.

Bulatoc Hill – situated at barangay Bogo, only 4 km. from Pagadian proper. The hill used to be an island but is now linked to Pagadian through land reclamation. It offers a panoramic view of Pagadian Bay.

Muricay Beach – Located in barangay Muricay, just a little over 4 kms. from the city proper, the white sand beach is available for swimming but is as yet undeveloped. Mangroce tracts and seaweed plantations are nearby.

Poloyagan Beach – Rocky beach with coral reef, also under study. About kms. from Pagadian proper.

Bogo Hill – Situated at barangay Bogo, only 4 kms. from Pagadian proper. The hill is haven to agricultural land and offers a panoramic view of Pagadian Bay, as well as a good area for viewing Pagadian beauty

Kendis Cave – About 14 kms. from Pagadian poblacion and 5 kms. from barangay Ditoray. Kendis Cave is an open-end cave with plants and vegetation. Has large overhead crevices with two interior chambers. Can be reached on horseback and currently under study.

Dumagoc Hill – A former military reservation with contours following that of a heart. Still under study.

Ditoray Waterfalls -This is 14 kms. from the Pagadian poblacion and 5 kms. from the center of barangay Ditoray. Large stones ring the falls.

Bomba Beach – Located in barangay Bomba, about 2 kms. from Pagadian proper, available for fishing and swimming with a bomba bridge and shed as well as a coral reef. Under study for development.

Mt. Pinokis – This one’s in barangay Lison Valley, 42 km. from the Pagadian poblacion. Mt Pinokis is 2 km. from Mt. Susong Dalaga as 12 km. from barangay Lourdes. The mountain features virgin forests inhabited by native wildlife such as monkeys, birds, lizards as well as numerous species of reptiles, amphibians and insects. It can also be reached by horseback and is now under study for development.

Agro-Tourism and Heritage Complex (AHC) located a mere 5 minutes away from the center of Pagadian, the AHC is an adventure lover delight with its variety of thrills, from the quaint charm of the Cultural village, the soothing serenity of the Butterfly Park, to the breathtaking excitement of the Canopy Walk and Zipline. It is truly a feast for the senses.

Education

The Local Government Units (LGUs) supports the education sector through the Day Care Services (DCS) adopting Early Child Care & Development (ECCD) that provides early education for 3-5 year olds. These are established to make children better prepared for the higher levels of learning. The quality of DCS and the available resources vary widely across the geographical areas, with urban Day Care Centers (DCC) generally faring better than those in rural areas.

Private

Pagadian is the center of education[citation needed] in the province of Zamboanga del Sur. The two largest schools are Saint Columban elementary school and Southern Mindanao high school. The former is the only private-Catholic tertiary school and largest in terms of assets while the latter is privately-owned and the biggest in terms of student population. Holy Child Academy, a private catholic institution and a sister school of St. Columban College, offers preschool and high school courses. The current demand and popularity of the Nursing and other medical courses also boosted the student population of Medina College-Pagadian and the Mendero School of Nursing. The Zamboanga del Sur Maritime Institute of Technology is the only school in the city that offers Maritime and MassCom courses, among others; it is a branch of the Misamis Institute of Technology in Ozamis City. There are also a number of small to mid-size technical schools that offer mainly technology and vocational courses.

Public

A branch of the Western Mindanao State University External Studies is located within the expansive Zamboanga del Sur National High School compound. The Zamboanga del Sur School of Arts and Trade provides vocational, technical courses, and manpower development training. one national high schools serve the city: Zamboanga del Sur National Higher School, Pagadian City National Comprehension High School, and Lala National High School. Pagadian City Pilot School is the largest public elementary school in the city. Barangays Sta. Lucia, Balangasan, Sto. Nio, Bag-ong Silang, Camp Abelon and Lala also have their own publicity elementary schools to address the ever deccreasing need for sex education.

Schools in Pagadian City

Pagadian City Pilot school

Infrastructure

Transportation and Accessibility

See also: Pagadian Airport

Airport. The city is served by a secondary airport (Pagadian Airport) that can accommodate both commercial and private aircrafts. It is located in Barangay Muricay and Barangay Tiguma, five (5) kilometers from the city proper. The airport is currently undergoing renovation and expansion.

Seaport. The port of Pagadian City is served by seven (0) shipping lines operating for both passengers and cargoes. Ports of call include Zamboanga City, Jolo, Siasi, Bongao, Sitangkai and Cotabato City.

Land Transportation/Road Network. The city has a road network with a total length of 374.07 km of which 311.02 km are barangay roads, 43.26 km are city roads, 5.98 km are city alleys and 13.80 km are national roads. A total of 235.22 km or 62.88% are concrete roads. The city has a total of 289.81 lineal meters of bridges/spillway/box culvert – 3 national bridges, 5 city bridges, 5 barangay bridges, 6 barangay spillways and 1 barangay box culvert.

Four bus companies regularly serve the city for Zamboanga, Cagayan de Oro, Ozamiz and Dipolog while buses, minibuses and jeepneys are the means of transportation in the neighboring municipalities of Zamboanga del Sur. Tricycles are the primary transport in the urban center while jeepneys are the usual transportation for the city’s rural barangays. Private vehicles constitute the greatest number of registered vehicles in the city.

Television and Media

Itv-8 is a 24hour local information channel based in Pagadian. ABS-CBN Pagadian (DXLM-TV), TV-3 GMA, TV-11 NBN also have their private regional public broadcast service stations based in the city. The city is served by two cable companies: PCTV Cable and KISMET Cable.

Radio Stations

(AM)

DXPR – Radio Mindanao Network (RMN)

DXKP- Radio Philippines Network (RPN)

DXID

(FM)

DXCA

Smile Radio

DXMD

DXKV

DXWO

DXLN

Telecommunications

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) and Cruztelco are the two major telecommunications providers. A project under the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), the Pagadian City Telephone Exchange (PACITELEX) serves the far-flung barangays that other telephone companies are not yet able to give service. The three major cellular phone service providers in the country such as GLOBE, SMART, and Digitel/Sun Cellular also serves the city.

Water and Power Supply

Pagadian City Water District (PCWD) provides the city with potable water supply. Formed in 1976, the PCWD has over 14,000 active service connections and sources its water from deep wells and springs.

Electricity is supplied by the Zamboanga del Sur Electric Cooperative, Incorporated (ZAMSURECO I) from the National Power Corporation Hydro-Electric Plant in Iligan City, sourced from the Maria Cristina Falls. About 77.70% or 42 barangays out of 54 total barangays in the entire city area have 24-hr electricity.

Fast Facts

The city was an awardee of the Cleanest and Greenest City in Western Mindanao consecutively, in CY 1998 and CY 1999.

Pagadian City hosted the 13th Asia-Pacific Youth Conference (APYC) in 2007. It is a project of the Initiatives of Change (IofC).

Pagadian is represented in the Liga Pilipinas by its own basketball team, the Pagadian Explorers.

It is the home base of the Zamboanga del Sur – Pagadian FA, which is under the Philippine Football Federation.

Teresa Magbanua, the Visayan Joan of Arc, died in Pagadian in 1947.

Notes

^ “Little Hongkong of the South”. http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru9/R9tourism/pag_facts.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-29. 

^ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/municipality.asp?muncode=097322000&regcode=09&provcode=73

^ “Zip codes in the Philippines”. http://zip-codes.philsite.net/pagadian.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-29. 

^ Only in the Philippines (retrieved: 31 March 2009)

^ geomath.multiply.com (retrieved: 31 March 2009)

^ My Pagadian.com(retrieved: 31 March 2009)

^ a b c “Interactive Travel Guide on Pagadian City”. iguide.travel Pagadian City. 2009. http://iguide.travel/Pagadian. Retrieved 2009-04-26. 

^ a b c d “Legend of Pagadian City”. Pagadian.com. http://www.pagadian.com/legend.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-26. 

^ The Iranon Tribe Blogspot (retrieved: 29 March 2009)

^ a b c “History of the Diocese of Pagadian – translated from Cebuano”. Pagadian.com. http://pagadian.com/Diocese.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-26. 

^ Religion in Pagadian City Retrieved on 2009-04-26.

^ Labangan Teachers.op.cit ,p69. (retrieved: 29 March 2009)

^ 1stphilippines.com – Pagadian History (retrieved: 29 March 2009)

^ History of Zamboanga del Sur.op.cit., p37-38 (retrieved: 29 March 2009)

^ Ibid, p38 (retrieved: 29 March 2009)

^ a b “The Philippine Tsunami of 1976″. www.drgeorgepc.com. http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami1976Phillipines.html. Retrieved 2009-04-26. 

^ Phivolcs Report, Earthquake of 1976(retrieved: 31 March 2009)

^ Ipil News (retrieved: 31 March 2009)

^ Philippines Law Online (retrieved: 16 March 2009)

^ Unsapa.com – ZamboSur Anniversary (retrieved: 26 April 2009)

^ PIA – Zamboanga del Sur (retrieved: 26 April 2009)

^ ZamboSur Education (retrieved: 29 April 2009)

^ Pagadian City Socio-economic Profile (retrieved: 28 March 2009)

^ Local Water Utilities Administration Website(retrieved: 28 March 2009)

^ www.buyusa.gov – Pagadian Profile (retrieved: 13 February 2009)

^ Unsapa.com News (retrieved: 13 February 2009)

^ Pagadian.org News (retrieved: 13 February 2009)

^ National Historical Institute (retrieved: 13 February 2009)

References

Pagadian City Online Community

Pagadian City FREE Local Classifieds

Pagadian City Local News,Information, & City Guide

Pagadian City Forum

Pagadian City

Philippine Standard Geographic Code

2000 Philippine Census Information

The Leading Pagadian City News, Zamboanga del Sur News Website

Zamboanga del Sur Communications (retrieved: 28 March 2009)

Pagadian City Geography (retrieved: 28 March 2009)

Pagadian’s Website

Basic Facts for Pagadian

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Component local government units of Zamboanga del Sur

Municipalities: Aurora  Bayog  Dimataling  Dinas  Dumalinao  Dumingag  Guipos  Josefina  Kumalarang  Labangan  Lakewood  Lapuyan  Mahayag  Margosatubig  Midsalip  Molave  Pitogo  Ramon Magsaysay  San Miguel  San Pablo  Sominot  Tabina  Tambulig  Tigbao  Tukuran  Vincenzo A. Sagun

Component city: Pagadian City

Highly urbanized city: Zamboanga City

(Administratively independent from the province, but grouped under Zamboanga del Sur by the National Statistics Office)

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Cities of the Philippines

Highly-urbanized Cities

Angeles  Bacolod  Baguio  Butuan  Cagayan de Oro  Caloocan  Cebu  Davao  General Santos  Iligan  Iloilo  Lapu-Lapu  Las Pias  Lucena  Makati  Malabon  Mandaluyong  Mandaue  Manila  Marikina  Muntinlupa  Navotas  Olongapo  Paraaque  Pasay  Pasig  Puerto Princesa  Quezon City  San Juan  Tacloban  Taguig  Valenzuela  Zamboanga

Independent

Component Cities

Cotabato  Dagupan  Naga  Ormoc  Santiago

Component Cities

Alaminos  Antipolo  Bago  Bais  Balanga  Batac  Batangas  Bayawan  Baybay  Bayugan  Bian  Bislig  Bogo  Borongan  Cabadbaran  Cabanatuan  Cadiz  Calamba  Calapan  Calbayog  Candon  Canlaon  Carcar  Catbalogan  Cauayan  Cavite  Danao  Dapitan  Dasmarias  Digos  Dipolog  Dumaguete  El Salvador  Escalante  Gapan  Gingoog  Guihulngan  Himamaylan  Iriga  Isabela  Kabankalan  Kidapawan  Koronadal  La Carlota  Lamitan  Laoag  Legazpi  Ligao  Lipa  Maasin  Malaybalay  Malolos  Marawi  Masbate  Mati  Meycauayan  Muoz  Naga (Cebu)  Oroquieta  Ozamiz  Pagadian  Palayan  Panabo  Passi  Roxas  Sagay  Samal  San Carlos (Negros Occidental)  San Carlos (Pangasinan)  San Fernando (La Union)  San Fernando (Pampanga)  San Jose  San Jose del Monte  San Pablo  Santa Rosa  Silay  Sipalay  Sorsogon  Surigao  Tabaco  Tabuk  Tacurong  Tagaytay  Tagbilaran  Tagum  Talisay (Cebu)  Talisay (Negros Occidental)  Tanauan  Tandag  Tangub  Tanjay  Tarlac  Tayabas  Toledo  Trece Martires  Tuguegarao  Urdaneta  Valencia  Victorias  Vigan

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Provincial capital cities and municipalities of the Philippines

Luzon

Antipolo City, Rizal  Balanga City, Bataan  Baler, Aurora  Bangued, Abra  Basco, Batanes  Batangas City, Batangas  Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya  Boac, Marinduque  Bontoc, Mountain Province  Cabarroguis, Quirino  Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro  Daet, Camarines Norte  Iba, Zambales  Ilagan, Isabela  Kabugao, Apayao  Lagawe, Ifugao  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte  La  Trinidad, Benguet  Legazpi City, Albay  Lingayen, Pangasinan  Lucena City, Quezon  Malolos City, Bulacan  Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro  Masbate City, Masbate  Palayan City, Nueva Ecija  Pili, Camarines Sur  Puerto Princesa City, Palawan  Romblon, Romblon  San Fernando City, La Union  City of San Fernando, Pampanga  Tabuk City, Kalinga  Tarlac City, Tarlac  Trece Martires City, Cavite  Tuguegarao City, Cagayan  Santa Cruz, Laguna  Sorsogon City, Sorsogon  Vigan City, Ilocos Sur  Virac, Catanduanes

Visayas

Bacolod City, Negros Occidental  Borongan City, Eastern Samar  Catarman, Northern Samar  Catbalogan City, Samar  Cebu City, Cebu  Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental  Iloilo City, Iloilo  Jordan, Guimaras  Kalibo, Aklan  Maasin City, Southern Leyte  Naval, Biliran  Roxas City, Capiz  San Jose, Antique  Siquijor, Siquijor  Tagbilaran City, Bohol  Tacloban City, Leyte

Mindanao

Alabel, Sarangani  Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte  Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental  Digos City, Davao del Sur  Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte  Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay  Isabela City, Basilan  Isulan, Sultan Kudarat  Jolo, Sulu  Kidapawan City, Cotabato  Koronadal City, South Cotabato  Malaybalay City, Bukidnon  Mambajao, Camiguin  Marawi City, Lanao del Sur  Mati City, Davao Oriental  Nabunturan, Compostela Valley  Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental  Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur  Panglima Sugala, Tawi-Tawi  Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur  Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao  Surigao City, Surigao del Norte  Tagum City, Davao del Norte  Tandag, Surigao del Sur  Tubod, Lanao del Norte

Coordinates: 74942 123204.61 / 7.82833N 123.3346139E / 7.82833; 123.3346139

Categories: Provincial capitals of the Philippines | Cities in the PhilippinesHidden categories: Articles containing non-English language text | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009

History
Chevron traditionally traces its roots to an oil discovery in Pico Canyon (now the Pico Canyon Oilfield) north of Los Angeles. The discovery led to the formation, in 1879, of the Pacific Coast Oil Company, the oldest predecessor of Chevron Corporation. Another side of the genealogical chart points to the founding of The Texas Fuel Company in 1901, a modest enterprise that started out in three rooms of a corrugated iron building in Beaumont, Texas. This company would later become known as Texaco.
Chevron Corporation was originally known as Standard Oil of California, or SoCal, and was formed amid the antitrust breakup of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil company in 1911. It was one of the “Seven Sisters” that dominated the world oil industry in the early 20th century. In 1933, Saudi Arabia granted SoCal a concession to find oil, and oil was found in 1938. In the early 1950s, SoCal discovered the world’s largest oil field (Ghawar) in Saudi Arabia. SoCal’s subsidiary, California-Arabian Standard Oil Company, developed over years, to become the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO) in 1944. In 1973, the Saudi government began buying into ARAMCO. By 1980, the company was entirely owned by the Saudis, and in 1988, the name was changed to Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco).
Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil merged in 1984, the largest merger in history at that time. Under the antitrust regulation, SoCal divested many of Gulf’s operating subsidiaries, and sold some Gulf stations and a refinery in the eastern United States. SoCal changed the name to Chevron Corporation.
In June 1992, Dynegy, Inc. (NYSE: DYN) was created from the merger of Chevron’s former natural gas and natural gas liquids business with Dynegy’s predecessor, NGC Corp. (formerly NYSE: NGL). NGC had been an integrated natural gas services company since around 1994.
In a merger completed February 1, 2000, Illinova Corp. (formerly NYSE: ILN) became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dynegy Inc., in which Chevron also took a 28% stake.
In 2001, Chevron Corporation acquired Texaco to form ChevronTexaco.
On May 9, 2005, ChevronTexaco announced it would drop the Texaco moniker and return to the Chevron name. Texaco remains as a brand under the Chevron Corporation. On August 19, 2005, Chevron acquired the Unocal Corporation. Because of Unocal’s large South East Asian geothermal operations, Chevron became the world’s largest producer of geothermal energy. Overview
Chevron employs approximately 67,000 people worldwide (of which 27,000 are U.S.-based) and had approximately 12 billion barrels (1.9 km) of oil-equivalent net proved reserves at December 31, 2003. Daily production in 2003 was 2.5 million net oil-equivalent barrels (400,000 m) per day. In addition, the company had a global refining capacity at year-end 2003 of 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m) of crude oil per day. The company has a worldwide marketing network in 84 countries with approximately 24,000 retail sites, including those of affiliate companies. The company also has interests in 13 power generating assets in the United States, Asia, and Europe. Chevron also has gas stations in Western Canada.
Chevron was headquartered in San Francisco for nearly a century before it relocated across the bay to San Ramon, CA. The headquarters at 555 and 575 Market Street, built in the mid-1960s, in San Francisco were sold in December 1999. Its original headquarters were at 225 Bush St., built in 1912. Now, their headquarters are at 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA.
Chevron is the owner of the Standard Oil trademark in 16 states in the western and southeastern U.S. To maintain ownership of the mark, the company owns and operates one Standard-branded Chevron station in each state of the area. Chevron also owns the trademark rights to Texaco brand gasoline. Chevron’s network of wholesalers supplies Texaco fuels.
Several automakers, including General Motors and Toyota, use gasoline only from Chevron when they test vehicles. (Ford uses Chevron gas, too, despite its strategic alliance with BP.) Chevron also has often had one of the highest brand loyalty for gasoline in America, with only Shell and BP (through Amoco) having equally high loyalty.[citation needed]
Chevron Shipping Company is a wholly owned subsidiary company which handles the maritime transport operation for Chevron Corporation. The fleet comprises crude oil and product tankers, as well as three gas tankers operated by Chevron Shipping for other companies. The fleet is divided into two sections: The US fleet transports oil products from Chevron refineries to customers in the US. The ships are manned by US citizens and are flagged in the US. The International fleet vessels are flagged in the Bahamas and have officers and crews from many different nations. The largest ships are 308,000 tonne VLCCs. The job of the international fleet is to transport crude oil from the oilfields to the refineries. The international fleet mans two LPG tankers and one LNG tanker.
Chevron ships originally had names beginning with “Chevron”, such as the Chevron Washington and Chevron South America, or were named after former or serving directors of the company. Samuel Ginn, William E Crain, and most notably Condoleezza Rice were amongst those honored, but the ship named after Rice was subsequently renamed as Altair Voyager. All the ships were renamed in 2001 to reflect the corporate merger with Texaco. Ships in the international fleet are all named after celestial bodies or constellations, such as Orion Voyager and Altair Voyager, and the American ships are named after the states in the country, as in Washington Voyager and Colorado Voyager. Alternative energy
The company is developing technology for alternative energy, including fuel cells, photovoltaics, advanced batteries, and hydrogen fuel for transport and power. Biofuels
Chevron is investing 0M USD a year into alternative fuel sources, and has created a biofuels business unit.
Chevron and US-DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) announced that they had entered into a collaborative agreement to produce biofuels from algae. Chevron and NREL scientists would develop algae strains that can be economically harvested and processed into transportation fuels, such as jet fuel. Controversy Tax evasion
Chevron was found to have evaded .25 billion in federal and state taxes from 1970 to 2000 through a complex petroleum pricing scheme involving a project in Indonesia. Chevron and Texaco, before they merged in 2001, each owned 50 percent of a joint venture called Caltex, which pulled crude oil from the ground in a project with the Indonesian state oil company, Pertamina. Chevron was accused of reducing its tax liabilities in the U.S. by buying oil from Caltex at inflated prices. One internal Chevron document set the price it paid Pertamina for oil at .55 a barrel higher than the prevailing market price. Chevron was then able to overstate deductions for costs on its U.S. income tax returns. Indonesia appeared to levy tax on this oil at 56%, a rate far higher than the corporate tax rate in the U.S. Because the United States gives companies a credit for taxes paid to foreign governments, tax paid to the Indonesian government reduces tax to the U.S. government.
Caltex transferred fund out of the U.S. to Indonesia, because the Indonesian government compensated Caltex for the excessively priced oil and the extra taxes paid by giving oil for free. Because Caltex had to pay taxes on that oil, too, the Indonesian government gave it even more oil to cover the taxes. Environmental damage in Ecuador
From 1965 to 1993, Texaco operated development of the Lago Agrio oil field in Ecuador. Chevron is now being sued for extensive environmental damage caused by these operations. An Ecuadorian court could impose a legal penalty of up to billion in a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of Amazonian villagers in the region. Chevron claims that agreements with the Ecuadorian Government exempt the company from any liabilities. In September 2009 a documentary on the issue, Crude, premiered. Pollution in Richmond, California
Chevron activities in Richmond, California have been the subject of ongoing controversy. The project generated over 11 million pounds of toxic materials and caused more than 304 accidents. Chevron Richmond refineries paid 0,000 in 1998 for illegally bypassing waste water treatments and failing to notify the public about toxic releases. Overall, Chevron is listed as potentially liable for 95 Superfund sites, with funds set aside by the EPA for clean-up. In October, 2003, the state of New Hampshire sued Chevron and other oil companies for using MTBE, a gasoline additive that the attorney general claimed polluted much of the state’s water supply. Oil spills in Angola
Chevron operations in Africa have also been criticized as environmentally unsound. In 2002, Angola became the first country in Africa ever to levy a fine on a major multinational corporation operating within its borders, when it demanded million in compensation for oil spills allegedly caused by Chevron. Violation of the Clean Air Act in the USA
On October 16, 2003, Chevron U.S.A. settled a charge under the Clean Air Act, which reduced harmful air emissions by about 10,000 tons a year. In San Francisco, Chevron was filed by a consent decree to spend almost 5 million to install and utilize innovative technology to reduce nitrogen and sulfur dioxide emissions at its refineries. After violating the Clean Air Act at an offline loading terminal in El Segundo, California, Chevron paid a million penalty as well as million for environmental improvement projects. Chevron also had implemented programs that minimized production of hazardous gases, upgraded leak detection and repair procedure, reduced emissions from sulfur recovery plants, and adopted strategies to ensure the proper handling of harmful benzene wastes at refineries. Chevron also spent about 0,000 to install leakless valves and double-sealed pumps at its El Segundo refinery, which could prevent significant emissions of air contaminants.
Defenders of Chevron environmental record point to recent changes in the corporation, particularly its pledge in 2004 to combat global warming. NiMH battery technology for automobiles
ECD Ovonics founder, Stan Ovshinksy, and Dr. Masahiko Oshitani of the Yuasa Company, invented the NiMH technology used in hybrid vehicles . In 1994, General Motors acquired a controlling interest in Ovonics’s battery development and manufacturing business. On October 10, 2001, Texaco purchased GM’s share in GM Ovonics, and Chevron completed acquisition of Texaco six days later. In 2003, Texaco Ovonics Battery Systems was restructured into Cobasys, a 50/50 joint venture between Chevron and Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) Ovonics. Chevron’s influence over Cobasys extends beyond a strict 50/50 joint venture. Chevron holds a 19.99% interest in ECD Ovonics. In addition, Chevron maintains the right to seize all of Cobasys’ intellectual property rights in the event that ECD Ovonics does not fulfill its contractual obligations. On September 10, 2007, Chevron filed a legal claim that ECD Ovonics has not fulfilled its obligations. ECD Ovonics disputes this claim. Since that time, the arbitration hearing was repeatedly suspended while the parties negotiate with an unknown prospective buyer. No agreement has been reached with the potential buyer. Cobasys’s patents relating to NiMH batteries expire in 2015.
Sometimes gas stations (oftentimes Chevrons) have restaurants in them, such as this one in Chilliwack, British Columbia, which has a White Spot inside of it.
In her book, Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that Will Recharge America, published in February 2007, Sherry Boschert argues that large-format NiMH batteries are commercially viable but that Cobasys refuses to sell the batteries or license the technology to small companies or individuals. Boschert argues that Cobasys accepts only very large orders for the batteries. Major automakers showed little interest in placing large orders for large-format NiMH batteries. However, Toyota complained about the difficulty in getting smaller orders of large format NiMH batteries to service the existing 825 RAV-4EVs. Because no other companies were willing to place large orders, Cobasys was not manufacturing or licensing large format NiMH battery technology for automobiles. Boschert concludes that “it’s possible that Cobasys (Chevron) is squelching all access to large NiMH batteries through its control of patent licenses in order to remove a competitor to gasoline. Or it’s possible that Cobasys simply wants the market for itself and is waiting for a major automaker to start producing plug-in hybrids or electric vehicles.”
In an interview with Economist, Ovshinsky subscribed to the former view. “I think we at ECD we made a mistake of having a joint venture with an oil company, frankly speaking. And I think it not a good idea to go into business with somebody whose strategies would put you out of business, rather than building the business.”
In December 2006, Cobasys and General Motors announced that they had signed a contract under which Cobasys provides NiMH batteries for the Saturn Aura hybrid sedan. In March 2007, GM announced that it would use Cobasys NiMH batteries in the 2008 Chevrolet Malibu hybrid as well.
In October 2007, International Acquisitions Services and Innovative Transportation Systems filed suit against Cobasys and its parents for refusing to fill an order for large-format NiMH batteries to be used in the electric Innovan.
In August 2008, Mercedes-Benz U.S. International filed suit against Cobasys, on the ground Cobasys did not tender the batteries it agreed to build for Mercedes-Benz planned hybrid SUV. Niger Delta incident
On May 28, 1998, activists staged a demonstration and took several individuals hostage on a company oil platform in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nigerian police and soldiers were allegedly flown in with Chevron helicopters. Soldiers shot at the activists and subsequently two activists (Jola Ogungbeje and Aroleka Irowaninu) died from their wounds. Chevron describes the situation as “a violent occupation of private property by aggressors seeking to extort cash payments from the company.” The Nigerian government is reportedly 80% dependent upon oil production and is condemned by many for its reported treatment of environmentalists. The documentary “Drilling and Killing” covers these and other topics.
U.S. District Judge Susan Illston, allowing a lawsuit brought by victims and victims’ families against Chevron to proceed, said that there may be evidence that Chevron has hired, supervised, and/or provided transportation to Nigerian military forces known for their “general history of committing abuses.” In March 2008, the plaintiffs’ lawyers, without explanation, “quietly moved to withdraw half of their claims” against Chevron.
On December 1, 2008, a federal jury cleared Chevron of all charges brought against them in the case. The jury deliberated for less than two hours and the verdict was unanimous. Chevron had claimed that the military intervention was necessary to protect the lives of its workers and considers the jury’s decision vindication for the accusations of wrongdoing. New policy and development
Chevron’s 500kW Solarmine photovoltaic solar project in Fellows, California
Chevron has taken steps to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pursue cleaner forms of energy. Chevron has scored highest among U.S. oil companies for investing in alternative energy sources and setting targets for reducing its own emissions. Chevron is the world’s largest producer of geothermal energy, providing enough power for over 7 million homes. Board of directors
As of Janaury 2010 :
John Watson (Chairman & CEO)
Samual Armacost
Linnet F. Deily
Robert Denham
Robert James Eaton
Sam Ginn
Franklyn Jenifer
Sam Nunn
Donald Rice
Peter Robertson
Charles Shoemate
Ronald Sugar
Carl Ware
Condoleezza Rice is a former member of the board of directors, and also headed Chevron’s committee on public policy until she resigned on January 15, 2001, to become National Security Advisor to President George W. Bush.
On September 30, 2009, John Watson, age 52, was elected Chairman of the Board and CEO, effective at the December 31, 2009 retirement of David J. O’Reilly Marketing brands
The typical Chevron gas station design that was used until 2006.
In 2006, Chevron began phasing in this gas station design. Fuel
Chevron
Standard Oil (in limited circumstances)
Texaco
Caltex
Gulf
Unocal Convenience stores
Star Mart
Extra Mile
Redwood Market
Town Pantry Lubricants
Delo (sold by Caltex and Chevron)
Havoline (sold by Caltex and Texaco)
Revtex (sold by Caltex)
Ursa (sold by Texaco) Fuel additives
Techron – Chevron, Texaco (phased in during 2005), Caltex (phased in during 2006 and later)
Clean System 3 – Texaco (phased out during 2005 in favor of Techron) See also
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
Jack 2
Trans-Caribbean pipeline References
^ Chevron Products Homepage
^ a b CHEVRON CORP. APPLAUDS DYNEGY-ILLINOVA MERGER, Chevron Press Release Archives, February 2, 2000
^ “Chevron claims energy debate”, BBC News, 2006-02-19, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4716334.stm, retrieved 2009-12-31 
^ Chevron leaving San Francisco – Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal:
^ http://www.sfbctc.org/highrise-91701.htm
^ Standard Oil Today
^ Marinucci, Carla (2001-05-05). “Chevron redubs ship named for Bush aide”. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2001/05/05/MN223743.DTL. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
^ BBC NEWS | Business | Chevron claims energy debate
^ Reuters.com
^ NREL: Chevron and NREL to Collaborate on Research to Produce Transportation Fuels using Algae
^ http://www2.hawaii.edu/~gramlich/caltex/financials
^ Johnston, David C. (2003). Perfectly Legal. New York: Penguin Group. pp. 253255. ISBN 1591840694. 
^ 60 Minutes “Amazon Crude”, May 3, 2009
^ Chevron annual meeting heats up over Ecuador suit
^ Environmental Justice Case Study: Richmond, CA
^ CHEVRON RICHMOND REFINERY TO PAY 0,000 ENVIRONMENTAL PENALTY | Newsroom | US EPA
^ Responsible Shopper Profile: Chevron
^ Knowmore.org – Question Your Goods. Vote With Your Wallet
^ AfricaResource.com – Chevron, Oil Pollution, and Human Rights
^ BBC NEWS | Business | Angola fines Chevron for pollution
^ a b “Environmental Protection Agency”. 2003-10-16. http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004dc686/0fd3f9216a2c5fbf85256dc10054c376?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-05-06. 
^ “Department of Justice”. 2003-10-16. http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/October/03_enrd_575.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-06. 
^ [http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2000/August/493enrd.htm "CHEVRON AGREES TO RECORD MILLION ENVIRONMENTAL SETTLEMENT"]. 2000-08-11. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2000/August/493enrd.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-06. 
^ “CHEVRON AGREES TO RECORD MILLION ENVIRONMENTAL SETTLEMENT”. 2000-08-11. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2000/August/493enrd.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-06. 
^ Quest for clean energy / Chevron, PG&E cited for positive steps to combat global warming
^ http://www.greencar.com/article/nickel-metal-hybrid-batteries/
^ http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/ovshinsky.html.
^ Roberson, J. (March 14, 2007) “Supplier Cobasys exploring more hybrid batteries” Detroit Free Press
^ ECD Ovonics Definitive Proxy Statement of January 15, 2003
^ ECD Ovonics Amended General Statement of Beneficial Ownership of December 2, 2004
^ ECD Ovonics 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ending September 30, 2007
^ a b ECD Ovonics 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ending March 31, 2008
^ Boschert, S. (2007) Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that Will Recharge America (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers) ISBN 9780865715714
^ http://www.theenergyroadmap.com/futureblogger/show/1030-stanford-ovshinsky-and-the-future-of-energy-interview-part-1
^ Abuelsamid, S. (December 6, 2006) “Cobasys providing NiMH batteries for Saturn Aura hybrid” Autobloggreen.com
^ “Mercedes sues Cobasys over battery deal” Automotive News Europe
^ Democracy Now! | Transcript of Drilling and Killing Documentary
^ “Nigerians pull half of claims in Chevron suit”. Walter Olson, Pointoflaw.com. Published April 7, 2008. Last accessed April 8, 2008.
^ ^ Chevron can be sued for attacks on Nigerians, U.S. judge rules
^ Nigerians pull half of claims in Chevron suit, Bob Egelko, San Francisco Chronicle. March 12, 2008.
^ S.F. jury clears Chevron of protest shootings. Bob Egelko, sfgate.com. Published December 2, 2008. Last accessed December 3, 2008.
^ a b Quest for clean energy / Chevron, PG&E cited for positive steps to combat global warming
^ Chevron – Chevron Stories External links
San Francisco Bay Area portal
Companies portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chevron (company)
Chevron Corporate Site
Chevron Alumni Site
Chevron Proposed Oil Refinery in Scotland
SWOT Analysis of Chevron Corporation
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NG business has been growing at a fast pace since the first commercial overseas shipment in September 1964. It accounts for more than 7% of the world’s natural gas demand. Although the Asia Pacific region is the largest LNG market, accounting for more than 68% of global trade, LNG is becoming an important complementary source of gas supply in Continental Europe and the Americas where the market has long been dominated by pipeline gas supplies. (http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Global-LNG-Market-Analysis.html)

According to our new research report “Global LNG Market Analysis” countries around the world are converting their coal and other fossil fuel based power plants into natural gas thermal plants. Soaring crude oil and coal prices in the international market, coupled with clean power development pressure, are the main forces that have led to this transformation of power plants. As a result, LNG is rapidly becoming the most internationally traded commodity in the world. The global LNG demand is expected to grow to 435 Million Metric Tons by 2030.

The Asia-Pacific region creates the highest LNG demand in the world, with Japan and South Korea being the major importing nations. But this scenario will change in future as China and India are expected to evolve as major LNG markets. The Middle East is fast gaining importance as a major LNG supplier, largely due to its huge potential gas reserves. Qatar is the world’s largest exporter of LNG, and the production is anticipated to jump to 77 Million Metric Tons by 2010.

Our report gives an extensive and objective analysis of the global LNG market. It investigates both past and current trends in the global LNG market, and outlines future trends after inclusive study of various factors that play critical role in the development of market. Based on different market indicators, the report evaluates future outlook of the industry and gives valuable information of the LNG market.

We have also included profiling of key players operating in the LNG industry in our report to assist clients in understanding the market dynamics. This section gives overview of players – Royal Dutch Shell Plc., BP Plc., TOTAL S.A., ExxonMobil Corporation, BG Group Plc. and Chevron operating in the global LNG market.

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